Almost 30 years after the intricate web of nerves inside the penis was plotted out, the same mapping has finally been completed for one of the least-studied organs in the human body – the clitoris.As well as revealing the extent of the nerves that are crucial to orgasms, the work shows that some of what medics are learning about the anatomy of the clitoris is wrong, and could help prevent women who have pelvic operations from ending up with poorer sexual function.The clitoris, responsible for sexual pleasure, is one of the least studied organs of the human body. Cultural taboo around female sexuality has held back scientific investigations and the clitoris did not even make it into standard anatomy textbooks until the 20th century. And in the 38th edition of Gray’s Anatomy in 1995 it was introduced as just “a small version of the penis”.A Melbourne urologist, Helen O’Connell, says the clitoris has been ignored by researchers for far too long. “It has been deleted intellectually by the medical and scientific community, presumably aligning attitude to a societal ignorance,” she said.To get a better idea of the inner workings of this key pleasure-related organ, Ju Young Lee, a research associate at Amsterdam University Medical Center in the Netherlands, and her colleagues used high-energy X-rays to create 3D scans of two female pelvises that had been donated through a body donor organ programme.The scans revealed in 3D the trajectory of the five complex tree-like branching nerves running through the clitoris in unprecedented detail, the widest 0.7mm across. The work has been reported on the preprint server bioRxiv and has not yet been peer reviewed.“This is the first ever 3D map of the nerves within the glans of the clitoris,” said Lee. She is amazed it has taken so long, considering a similar level of knowledge regarding the penile glans was reached back in 1998, 28 years ago.Helen O’Connell, Australia’s first female urological surgeon, mapped out the main anatomy of